Color schemes
The North American, Australian and New Zealand colors normally have these meanings:
- red with white for stop signs, yield, and forbidden actions (such as No Parking)
- green with white letters for informational signs, such as directions, distances, and places
- brown with white letters for signs to parks, historic sites, ski areas, forests, and campgrounds
- blue with white symbols (or business logos) for rest areas, food, gasoline, hospitals, lodging, and other services
- white with black (or red) letters for regulatory signs, such as speed limits (or parking)
- yellow with black letters and symbols for warning signs, such as curves and school zones
- orange with black letters for temporary traffic control zones and detours associated with road construction[1]
- purple for "lanes restricted to use only by vehicles with registered electronic toll collection (ETC) accounts",[2] such as EZPass.
- black with white letters or arrows for lane use.[3]
Here are descriptions of common traffic signs and what they indicate:
REGULATION SIGNS:
COLOR: Red, with white letters.
MEANING: Come to a full stop, yield the right-of-way to vehicles and pedestrians in or heading toward the intersection. Go when it is safe. You must come to a stop before the stop line, if there is one. If not, you must stop before you enter the crosswalk. (See "Stop and Crosswalk Lines" under the "Pavement Markings" section of this chapter.) If there is no stop line or crosswalk, you must stop before you enter the intersection, at the point nearest the intersection that gives you a view of traffic on the intersecting roadway.
COLOR: Red and white, with red letters.
MEANING: Decrease speed as you reach the intersection. Prepare to stop and yield the right-of-way to vehicles and pedestrians in or heading toward the intersection. You must come to a full stop at a YIELD sign if traffic conditions require it. When you approach a YIELD sign, check carefully for traffic and be prepared to stop.
COLOR: White, with black and/or red letters or symbols.
MEANING: These signs give information about rules for traffic direction, lane use, turns, speed, parking and other special requirements.
Some regulation signs have a red circle with a slash over a symbol. This indicates that an action, like a right turn, is not allowed or that some vehicles are restricted from the road. Rectangular white signs with black or red letters or symbols are indications to be alert for special rules.
WARNING SIGNS:
COLOR: Yellow, with black letters or symbols.
MEANING: You are approaching a hazardous location or a location where there is a special rule, as shown in the sample signs. Sometimes a warning sign is joined with a yellow and black "recommended speed" sign. This indicates reduced speed is advised in that area.
Work Area Signs 
COLOR: Orange, with black letters or symbols.
MEANING: People are at work on or near the roadway and traffic can be controlled by a flag person. A work area speed limit as low as 25 MPH (40 km/h) can be posted. Even if no speed limit is provided, you must drive at a reduced speed through the work zone and you must always obey the flag persons. These illustrations show some signals a flag person will use. Know and obey them.
STOP
PROCEED
SLOW
COLOR: Green, with white letters.
MEANING: Show the direction and distance to locations.
Route Signs 
COLOR: Varied.
MEANING: Indicate interstate, U.S., state or county routes. The shape tells you the type of route you are on. The sample signs, left to right, are for state, U.S., and interstate routes. When you plan a trip, use a highway map to decide which routes to take. During the trip, watch for destination signs so you will not get lost, or have to turn or stop suddenly.
Service Signs 
COLOR: Blue, with white letters or symbols.
MEANING: Show the location of services, like rest areas, gas stations, camping and medical facilities.
from: https://dmv.ny.gov/about-dmv/chapter-4-traffic-control-2#pav-mar
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